Don yin kyau a cikin ƙira da ƙera kayayyakin roba, dole ne mu fahimta nau'ikan da amfani da filastik.
Filastik wani nau'i ne na babban ƙwayar kwayar halitta (macrolecules) wanda aka haɓaka ta ƙari polymerization ko polycondensation dauki tare da monomer azaman albarkatun ƙasa. Akwai nau'ikan filastik iri daban-daban tare da kaddarori daban-daban, amma yana da sauƙin zama nauyi a cikin nauyi, mai sauƙin ƙirƙira, mai sauƙin samun kayan ƙasa da ƙarancin farashi, musamman ma kyakkyawar juriya ta lalata, rufi da kiyayewar zafi, halayen juriya masu tasiri suna yadu amfani dashi a masana'antu da rayuwar ɗan adam.
Halaye na robobi:
(1) Babban abubuwan da ake hadawa da kayan roba sune matatar polymer da ake kira resin.
(2) Filastik yana da kyakkyawan rufi don wutar lantarki, zafi da sauti: rufin lantarki, arc juriya, adana zafi, ajiyar zafi, rufin sauti, tsotsewar sauti, tsinkayen jijjiga, kyakkyawan aikin rage hayaniya.
(3), kyakkyawan aiki, ta hanyar gyare-gyaren allura, ana iya sanya su cikin samfuran da ke da fasali mai rikitarwa, girman tsayayye da ƙyau cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci.
(4) Kayan roba: nau'ikan abu ne wanda yake da guduro (polymer) na roba a matsayin babban kayan aikin, yana kutsawa cikin wasu kayan taimako ko wasu ƙari tare da takamaiman amfani, yana da filastik da ruwa a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin zafi da matsin lamba, wanda zai iya zama wanda aka siffata shi zuwa wani fasali kuma zai canza siffar ta wasu halaye ..
Rarraba filastik
Dangane da tsarin kwayar halittar roba, kayan aikin filastik galibi sun hada da thermoplastic da plastics na thermosetting: don robobin thermoplastic, kayan roba wadanda suke robobi bayan dumama dumama galibi sune PE / PP / PVC / PS / ABS / PMMA / POM / PC / PA da sauran kayan albarkatu na yau da kullun. Roba mai sanya zafi a jiki tana nufin filastik da aka yi ta dumama da taurin resin roba, kamar su filastik ɗin phenolic da amino filastik. Polymer ya kunshi kananan kwayoyin halitta masu sauki (monomer) ta hanyar hadin gwiwa.
1. Rarrabuwa bisa ga halaye na resin yayin zafin jiki da sanyaya
(1) Filastanin Thermoset: bayan dumama, za a haɗa tsarin ƙirar a cikin tsarin hanyar sadarwa. Da zarar an haɗa shi a cikin polymer na cibiyar sadarwa,
ba zai yi taushi ba ko da bayan an sake zana shi, yana nuna abin da ake kira [canji ba mai iya sauyawa], wanda ya samo asali ne daga canjin tsarin kwayoyin halitta (canjin sinadarai).
(2), thermoplastics: yana nufin filastik wanda zai narke bayan dumama, ya kwarara zuwa sifar don sanyaya da samarwa, sannan ya narke bayan dumama. Yana iya zama mai ɗumi da sanyaya don samarwa [canji mai juyawa] (ruwa ← → mai ƙarfi), wanda shine ake kira canjin jiki.
A. Janar filastik: ABS, PVC.PS.PE
B. Babban robobin injiniyoyi: PA.PC, PBT, POM, PET
C. Super robobi na injiniyoyi: PPS. LCP
Dangane da yanayin aikace-aikacen, galibi akwai manyan robobi kamar PE / PP / PVC / PS da robobi na injiniya kamar ABS / POM / PC / PA. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu robobi na musamman, kamar su zafin jiki mai zafi da juriya na danshi, juriya ta lalata da sauran robobi da aka sauya don dalilai na musamman.
2. Rabawa ta hanyar amfani da robobi
(1) General roba ne wani irin yadu amfani roba. Abubuwan da yake fitarwa suna da yawa, suna lissafin kusan kashi uku cikin huɗu na jimlar fitowar filastik, kuma farashinta ya yi ƙasa. Ana amfani dashi sosai don yin abubuwan buƙata na yau da kullun tare da ɗan damuwa, kamar harsashin TV, kwasfan tarho, kwandon roba, ganga na roba, da sauransu Yana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da mutane kuma ya zama muhimmiyar ginshiƙi na masana'antar filastik. Janar robobi da aka saba amfani da su sune PE, PVC, PS, PP, PF, UF, MF, da sauransu.
(2) Robobin aikin injiniya Kodayake farashin robobin gaba daya ba su da yawa, kayan aikinta, karfin juriya da juriyar lalata suna da wahalar saduwa da bukatun kayan gini a cikin wasu injiniyoyi da kayan aiki. Sabili da haka, filastik injiniyoyi suka wanzu. Yana da ƙarfin inji mai ƙarfi da taurin kai, zai iya maye gurbin wasu ƙarfe ko kayan da ba ƙarfe ba, kuma zai iya ƙirƙirar sassan injuna ko ɓangarorin matattarar injiniya tare da tsari mai rikitarwa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun fi inganci fiye da na asali Kayan aikin robobin injiniyan gama gari sune PA, ABS, PSF, PTFE, POM da PC.
(3) Kayan roba na musamman, waɗanda suke da ayyuka na musamman, ana iya amfani dasu a wasu lokuta na musamman, kamar su robobi masu gudanar da maganadisu, robobin ionomer, robobin pearlescent, robobi masu daukar hoto, likitancin likita, da sauransu.
Aikace-aikacen nau'ikan filastik nau'ikan 10:
1. Janar robobi
(1) .PP (polypropylene): konewa yana da warin man fetur, launin baya mai haske launin shudi ne; ruwa mai iyo.
Homopolymer PP: mai fassara, mai kunnawa, zanen waya, kayan lantarki, jirgi, kayayyakin yau da kullun.
Copolymerized PP: launi na halitta, mai saurin kamawa da wuta, kayan lantarki, kayan haɗin kayan gida, kwantena.
Random copolymerization PP: mai cikakken haske, mai kunnawa, na'urorin kiwon lafiya, kwantena abinci, kayayyakin kwalliya
(2) .ABS (polystyrene butadiene propylene copolymer): sheki mai sheki, hayaki mai cin wuta, dandano mai kamshi; nutsar da ruwa
ABS albarkatun kasa: babban tauri da ƙarfi, mai saurin kunnawa; harsashin lantarki, farantin, kayan aiki, kayan aiki
ABS gyare-gyare: ƙara ƙarfi da jinkirin harshen wuta, mara ƙonewa; sassan auto, sassan lantarki
(3) .PVC (polyvinyl chloride): ƙanshin ƙonewar chlorine, kore a ƙasan harshen wuta; nutsar da ruwa
PVC mai tsauri: babban ƙarfi da taurin, mai ƙarancin wuta; kayan gini, bututu
PVC mai laushi: mai sassauƙa da sauƙi don aiwatarwa, mai wuyar ƙonewa; kayan wasa, sana'a, kayan ado
2. Injin robobi
(1) .PC (polycarbonate): harshen wuta rawaya, hayakin baƙi, dandano na musamman, ruwan da yake nitsewa; m, babban nuna gaskiya, harshen wuta-retardant; dijital na dijital, CD, jagora, bukatun yau da kullun
(2) .PC / ABS (gami): ƙanshi na musamman, hayaƙin baƙin baƙi, ruwan da yake nitsewa; m tauri, fari, harshen wuta-retardant; kayan lantarki, akwatin kayan aiki, kayan sadarwa
(3) .PA (polyamide PA6, PA66): yanayin jinkiri, hayaƙin rawaya, ƙanshin gashi mai ƙanshi; tauri, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, mai kashe wuta; kayan aiki, sassan inji, sassan lantarki
(4) .POM (polyformaldehyde): konewar tip rawaya, kasan karshen shudi, warin formaldehyde; tauri, babban ƙarfi, mai saurin kunnawa; kaya, sassan inji
(5) .PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate); dandano mai zafi na musamman: watsawa mai haske; plexiglass, aikin hannu, kayan ado, marufi, bin fim
3. Elastomer filastik
(1) .TPU (polyurethane): dandano na musamman; kyau elasticity, tauri da kuma ci juriya, flammable; sassan inji, sassan lantarki
(2) .TPE: ƙanshi na musamman, harshen wuta rawaya; SEBS da aka gyara, taurin jiki mai daidaitacce, mai kyau kayan sinadarai, mai kunnawa; kayan wasa, maɓallin allura na biyu, jakunkunan hannu, igiyoyi, sassan motoci, kayan wasanni.
Akwai nau'ikan fasahar gyaran roba iri huɗu: gyare-gyaren allura, gyare-gyaren extrusion, gyaran calendering da gyare-gyaren. Allurar gyare-gyare shine babban tsari don samun sifa mai rikitarwa da ƙananan kayan filastik. Yin allura yana buƙatar dogaro da abubuwa uku na ƙwanƙwan allura, injin allura da albarkatun roba don kammala tsarin.Mestech tana mai da hankali ne kan masana'antar ƙera filastik da ɓangaren filastik da ke yin fiye da shekaru 10, kuma ya sami wadataccen fasaha da ƙwarewa. An sadaukar da mu don samar muku da masana'antun kayan kwalliya da kayan aikin filastik, don Allah tuntube mu.
Post lokaci: Oktoba-16-2020