Bugun 3D na ƙarfe
Short Bayani:
Bugun 3D na ƙarfe shinetsari ne na samarda sassa ta dumama, fidawa, narkewa da sanyaya hoda na karfe ta hanyar leza ko sikan katako ta hanyar lantarki. Bugun 3D baya buƙatar ƙira, ƙirƙirar sauri, tsada mai tsada, dace da samfurin da ƙaramin tsari.
Bugun 3D na ƙarfe (3DP) wani nau'in fasaha ne mai saurin samfoti. Fasaha ce da ta danganci fayil ɗin samfurin dijital, wanda ke amfani da ƙarfen foda ko filastik da sauran kayan haɗin abubuwa don ƙera abubuwa ta hanyar buga takarda. Bambanci tsakanin buga 3D na ƙarfe da buga 3D mai filastik: Waɗannan su ne fasaha biyu. Abun kayan ƙarfe na 3D na ƙarfe shine foda na ƙarfe, wanda aka samar dashi kuma aka buga shi ta hanyar zafin laser mai tsananin zafin jiki. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da shi don buga 3D na filastik ruwa ne, wanda aka haskakawa zuwa kayan ruwa ta hanyar haskoki na ultraviolet na tsayi daban-daban, wanda ya haifar da aikin polymerization da warkewa.
1. Halaye na bugun 3D na karfe
1. fa'idodi na buga 3D na ƙarfe
A. Saurin samfuri na sassa
B. Wannan fasaha na iya amfani da kayan ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai ƙyalƙyali don samar da sifofi masu rikitarwa waɗanda ba za a iya fahimtar su ta hanyar fasaha ta gargajiya ba kamar su simintin gyare-gyare, ƙirƙira da sarrafawa.
Idan aka kwatanta da matakan masana'antu na yau da kullun, buga 3D yana da fa'idodi da yawa, gami da:
A. babban yawan amfani da kayan;
B. babu buƙatar buɗe sifa, ƙarancin tsarin masana'antu da gajeren zagaye;
C lokacin sake zagayowar Manufacturing gajere ne. Musamman, ɗab'in 3D na sassa tare da siffofi masu rikitarwa yana ɗaukar kashi ɗaya bisa biyar ko ma ɗaya bisa goma na aikin injina na yau da kullun
D. sassan da ke da hadadden tsari za a iya kerarre su, kamar su tashar cikin ruwa mai daidaituwa;
E. zane kyauta bisa ga bukatun kayan kayan inji ba tare da la'akari da tsarin masana'antu ba.
Saurin bugun ta ba shi da girma, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin saurin kera abubuwa ɗaya ko ƙananan ɓangarori, ba tare da farashi da lokacin buɗe buhunan ba. Kodayake bugu na 3D bai dace da samar da taro ba, ana iya amfani dashi don saurin kera abubuwa daban-daban don samarwa da yawa.
2. Rashin fa'idar buga 3D na karfe
Bugun 3D na ƙarfe yana ba da damar sabon ƙira, kamar haɗa abubuwa da yawa a cikin aikin samarwa don rage amfani da kayan aiki da farashin aikin ƙira.
A). Karkatarwar sassan karfe na buga 3D ya fi + / -0.10 mm girma, kuma daidaito baiyi kyau kamar na kayan aikin injiniya ba.
B) Dukiyar maganin zafin 3D bugu na karfe zai kasance mara kyau: batun saida 3D bugu na karfe yafi madaidaici madaidaici da baƙon fasali. Idan 3D ɗab'in sassan ƙarfe ana maganin zafi, sassan zasu rasa madaidaici, ko kuma buƙatar a sake sarrafa su ta kayan aikin inji
Angaren kayan masarufin rage kayan gargajiya na iya samarda siriri mai tsananin siriri a saman sassan. Bugun 3D ba shi da kyau. Haka kuma, fadadawa da raguwa daga sassan karfe suna da mahimmanci a aikin inji. Yanayin zafin jiki da nauyi na sassan zaiyi tasiri sosai akan daidaito
2. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani dasu don buga 3D na ƙarfe
Ya hada da bakin karfe (AISI316L), aluminum, titanium, Inconel (Ti6Al4V) (625 ko 718), da karfen martensitic.
1) .tool da baƙin ƙarfe
2). bakin karfe.
3). Alloy: kayan da aka fi amfani da su da karfe don kayan bugawa na 3D sune tsarkakakkun titanium da allunan titanium, gami na aluminium, gwal na nickel, cobalt chromium alloy, copper base alloy, da dai sauransu.
Sassa na 3D na Copper
Karfe 3D bugu sassa
Aluminum 3D kayan bugawa
3D bugu mold Saka
3. Nau'in buga 3D na karfe
Akwai nau'ikan fasahar buga takardu 3D iri biyar: SLS, SLM, npj, ruwan tabarau da EBSM.
1). zaɓin zaban laser (SLS)
SLS ta ƙunshi silinda foda da silinda da ta samu. Piston na silinda foda ya tashi. An shimfiɗa foda a kan silin ɗin da aka kafa ta mai ɗora foda. Kwamfuta tana kula da waƙaƙan sikanɗu-biyu na katakon leza bisa ga samfurin samfurin samfurin. Solidarancin foda mai tsabta an zaɓaɓɓe don ƙirƙirar ɓangaren ɓangaren. Bayan kammala wani Layer, fiston mai aiki yana sauke kauri daya, tsarin yaduwar foda yana yada sabon foda, kuma yana sarrafa katakon laser don sikanin da kuma lalata sabon Layer. Ta wannan hanyar, ana maimaita sake zagayowar ta hanyar Layer har sai an sami sassan girma uku.
2). zaɓin narkewar laser (SLM)
Mahimmin ƙa'idar fasahar narkar da zaɓi na laser shine tsara ƙirar ingantaccen samfuri mai girma na ɓangaren ta amfani da software na zamani mai samfuri uku kamar Pro / E, UG da CATIA akan kwamfutar, sannan yanki samfurin mai girma uku ta hanyar yanka software, samo bayanan bayanan kowane bangare, samar da hanyar bincikar bayanai daga bayanan bayanan, kuma kayan aikin zasu sarrafa zabin katako na laser a cewar wadannan layukan lekenan Kowane Layer na sinadarin foda a hankali yana dunkulewa zuwa uku- sassan karfe masu girma. Kafin katuwar leza ya fara sikanin, na'urar yada foda tana turawa da hoda ta karfe a saman farantin silinda da ta samu, sannan kuma katakon laser yana narkar da hoda a jikin faranti bisa ga layin sikan na layin yanzu, kuma yana aiwatar da Layer ta yanzu, sannan silinda da ke samarwa ya sauko da nisan kauri mai kauri, silinda na foda ya hau wani matsakaicin kauri, na'urar yada foda tana shimfida karfen foda akan layin da ake aiki da shi, kuma kayan aikin sun daidaita Shigar da bayanan kwane-kwane na gaba don sarrafawa, sannan aiwatar da Layer ta Layer har sai dukkan sassan an sarrafa su.
3). nanoparticle fesa karfe kafa (NPJ)
Talakawan fasahar buga 3D na karafa shine amfani da laser don narkewa ko kuma lalata sinadarin foda, yayin da npj fasahar bata amfani da siffar foda ba, amma yanayin ruwa. Waɗannan ƙarfe an lulluɓe su a cikin bututu a cikin ruwa kamar ruwa kuma an saka su a cikin na'urar buga takardu ta 3D, wanda ke amfani da "narkakken baƙin ƙarfe" mai ɗauke da ƙarfen nanoparticles don yin fesawa cikin sifa yayin ƙarfe na 3D. Fa'idar ita ce cewa an buga karfe da narkakken ƙarfe, dukkanin samfurin zai zama mafi laushi, kuma ana iya amfani da shugaban buga tawada-jet na yau da kullun azaman kayan aiki. Lokacin da aka gama bugawa, ɗakin ginin zai ƙafe ƙarancin ruwa ta hanyar dumama, ya bar ɓangaren ƙarfe kawai
4). laser kusa da yanar gizo (ruwan tabarau)
Laser kusa da yanar gizo mai siffar (ruwan tabarau) yana amfani da ƙa'idar laser da safarar foda a lokaci guda. Tsarin 3D CAD na ɓangaren an yanka ta kwamfuta, kuma an sami bayanan kwano na jirgin 2D na ɓangaren. Wadannan bayanan ana canza su zuwa hanyar motsi na aikin aikin NC. A lokaci guda, ana ciyar da foda na ƙarfe a cikin yankin mayar da hankali na laser a wani saurin ciyarwa, narkewa da haɓaka cikin sauri, sannan ana iya samun sassan siffofin kusa da net ta hanyar matattakala, layuka da saman. Ana iya amfani da sassan da aka kafa ba tare da ko kawai tare da ƙaramin sarrafawa ba. Lens na iya tabbatar da ƙarancin kayan sarrafa kayan ƙarfe da adana tsada mai yawa.
5). bearfin wutar lantarki (EBSM)
Kamfanin arcam a Sweden ne ya fara kirkirar fasahar narkewar katakon lantarki. Manufarta ita ce amfani da bindigar lantarki don harba ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda aka samu daga katangar lantarki bayan karkatarwa da mai da hankali, wanda ke sanya samfurin foda na ƙarfe da aka leka ya samar da zazzabi mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙananan ƙananan yankuna, wanda ke haifar da narkewar ƙwayoyin ƙarfe. A ci gaba da scanning na electron katako zai sa da kananan narkakken karfe wuraren waha narke da kuma karfafa juna, da kuma samar da mikakke da kuma saman karfe Layer bayan dangane.
Daga cikin fasahohin buga karfe guda biyar da suke sama, SLS (zababben sinadarin laser) da SLM (narkakken laser narkewa) sune fasahar aikace-aikace ta al'ada a cikin bugawar ƙarfe.
4. Amfani da karafan 3D mai karafa
Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a cikin ƙirar mould, ƙirar masana'antu da sauran fannoni don yin samfuran, sannan kuma a hankali a hankali a kan yi amfani da shi wajen ƙera wasu kayayyakin kai tsaye, sannan kuma a hankali a hankali ake amfani da shi a cikin wasu kayayyakin kai tsaye. Dama akwai sassan da wannan fasahar ta buga. Fasaha tana da aikace-aikace a kayan kwalliya, takalmi, ƙirar masana'antu, gine-gine, injiniyanci da gini (AEC), kera motoci, sararin samaniya, masana'antun haƙori da likitanci, ilimi, tsarin bayanan ƙasa, injiniyan farar hula, bindigogi da sauran fannoni.
Bugun 3D na ƙarfe, tare da fa'idodi na gyare-gyaren kai tsaye, babu fasali, ƙirar keɓaɓɓu da tsari mai rikitarwa, ingantaccen aiki, ƙarancin amfani da ƙarancin farashi, an yi amfani dashi ko'ina cikin aikace-aikacen injiniyar petrochemical, sararin samaniya, masana'antar mota, ƙirar allura, ƙirar ƙarfe mai haske. , maganin likita, masana'antar takarda, masana'antar wutar lantarki, sarrafa abinci, kayan kwalliya, kayan kwalliya da sauran fannoni.
Yawan bugun karfe ba shi da girma, yawanci ana amfani da shi don saurin masana'antu na bangarori guda daya ko kanana, ba tare da farashi da lokacin bude buhunan ba. Kodayake bugu na 3D bai dace da samar da taro ba, ana iya amfani dashi don saurin kera abubuwa daban-daban don samarwa da yawa.
1). bangaren masana'antu
A halin yanzu, yawancin sassan masana'antu sun yi amfani da firintocin 3D na ƙarfe azaman injunan su na yau da kullun. A cikin masana'antar samfuri da samfurin samfuri, ana kusan amfani da fasahar buga 3D. A lokaci guda, ana iya amfani dashi don samar da wasu manyan sassa
Fitarwar 3D yana fitar da sassan sannan ya tattara su. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin masana'antar gargajiya, fasahar buga 3D zata iya rage lokaci kuma ta rage tsada, amma kuma ta sami babban samarwa.
2). fannin lafiya
Ana amfani da bugu na 3D na ƙarfe a fagen likita, musamman a cikin likitan hakori. Ba kamar sauran tiyata ba, ana amfani da buga 3D na ƙarfe don buga kayan aikin haƙori. Babban fa'idar amfani da fasahar buga 3D shine keɓancewa. Doctors za su iya yin zane-zane bisa ga takamaiman yanayin marasa lafiya. Ta wannan hanyar, tsarin kula da mara lafiyar zai rage radadin, kuma za a sami matsala kadan bayan aikin.
3). kayan ado
A halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antun kayan kwalliya suna canzawa daga resin 3D bugu da masana'antar kayan kakin zuma zuwa bugun 3D na karfe. Tare da ci gaba da inganta rayuwar mutane, buƙatar kayan adon ma ya fi yawa. Mutane ba sa son kayan ado na yau da kullun a cikin kasuwa, amma suna son samun kayan ado na musamman na musamman. Sabili da haka, zai zama yanayin haɓaka na masana'antar kayan ado na gaba don fahimtar keɓancewa ba tare da ƙira ba, a cikin abin da buga 3D na ƙarfe zai taka muhimmiyar rawa.
4). Aerospace
Yawancin ƙasashe a duniya sun fara amfani da fasahar ɗab'in 3D mai ƙarfe don cimma ci gaban tsaron ƙasa, sararin samaniya da sauran fannoni. GE na farko na ɗab'in 3D a duniya, wanda aka gina a Italiya, shine ke da alhakin yin sassa don injunan jirgin sama, wanda ke tabbatar da ikon buga 3D na ƙarfe.
5). Mota
Lokacin aikace-aikacen buga 3D na ƙarfe a cikin masana'antar kera motoci bai yi tsayi ba, amma yana da babbar dama da ci gaba cikin sauri. A halin yanzu, BMW, Audi da sauran sanannun masana'antun kera motoci suna zurfin nazarin yadda za a yi amfani da fasahar buga 3D na karfe don gyara yanayin samarwa
Bugun 3D na ƙarfe ba'a iyakance shi da fasali mai rikitarwa na ɓangarorin ba, kai tsaye an kafa shi, mai sauri da inganci, kuma baya buƙatar babban saka hannun jari, wanda ya dace da masana'antar zamani. Za'a bunkasa kuma ayi amfani dashi cikin sauri yanzu da kuma nan gaba. Idan kana da sassan karfe da suke buƙatar bugun 3D, sai a tuntube mu.
Bugun 3D na ƙarfe ba'a iyakance shi da fasalin fasalin sassan ba, kai tsaye an kafa shi, mai sauri da inganci, kuma baya buƙatar babban saka hannun jari, wanda ya dace da masana'antar zamani. Za'a bunkasa kuma ayi amfani dashi cikin sauri yanzu da kuma nan gaba. Idan kuna da sassan karfe waɗanda suke buƙatar ɗab'in 3D,don Allah a tuntube mu.
